Allopurinol (100mg) k

Introduction

Allopurinol 100 mg, marketed under brand names such as ALLOPURIC 100, is a medication primarily used to treat gout and high levels of uric acid in the blood (hyperuricemia). It belongs to a class of drugs known as xanthine oxidase inhibitors, which reduce the production of uric acid in the body.Excess uric acid can form crystals in joints, kidneys, and other tissues, leading to painful conditions such as gout and kidney stones. Allopurinol helps in preventing but not treating acute gout attacks.

Composition

• Generic Name: Allopurinol

• Strength: 100 mg per tablet

• Brand Example: ALLOPURIC 100

• Form: Oral tablet

Mechanism of Action

Allopurinol inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is involved in the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid. By blocking this enzyme, it lowers blood and urine uric acid levels, preventing gout flares and uric acid kidney stones.

Uses of Allopurinol 100 mg Tablet

In English

Allopurinol 100 mg is used for:

1. Gout (prevention of attacks)

2. Hyperuricemia (high uric acid levels)

3. Uric acid kidney stones (prevention)

4. Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) – a complication of cancer treatment

5. Chronic tophaceous gout

6. Uric acid nephropathy (kidney damage due to uric acid)

In Hindi (एलोप्यूरिनोल 100 एमजी टैबलेट के उपयोग)

एलोप्यूरिनोल 100 मिलीग्राम टैबलेट का उपयोग निम्न स्थितियों में किया जाता है:

1. गठिया (गाउट) के दौरे को रोकने के लिए

2. रक्त में यूरिक एसिड की अधिक मात्रा (हाइपरयूरिसीमिया)

3. गुर्दे में यूरिक एसिड की पथरी को रोकने के लिए

4. कैंसर के इलाज के दौरान यूरिक एसिड बढ़ने की स्थिति (ट्यूमर लाइसिस सिंड्रोम)

5. क्रॉनिक गाउट जिसमें गांठ बन जाती हैं (टॉफेसियस गाउट)

6. यूरिक एसिड से होने वाला किडनी डैमेज

Dosage and Administration

• Typical Adult Dose: 100 mg once daily to start

• Maintenance Dose: 100–300 mg/day, depending on uric acid levels

• Maximum Dose: Up to 800 mg/day in divided doses (in severe cases)

• Route: Oral

• Best Taken: After meals with plenty of fluids

Note: The dose should be adjusted in patients with kidney impairment.

Important Usage Notes

• Not for treating acute gout attacks. In fact, starting allopurinol during an acute gout flare may worsen symptoms.

• Often co-prescribed with NSAIDs or colchicine during the first few months to prevent gout flares.

Side Effects of Allopurinol 100 mg

Common Side Effects:

• Skin rash

• Diarrhea

• Nausea

• Abdominal pain

• Drowsiness

Serious Side Effects (Seek Immediate Medical Attention):

• Severe skin reactions (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis)

• Liver enzyme abnormalities

• Blood disorders (e.g., bone marrow suppression)

• Allergic reactions (rash, fever, joint pain)

• Kidney dysfunction

Patients with HLA-B*5801 gene (common in some Asian populations) are at higher risk of severe skin reactions.

Precautions and Warnings

• Kidney disease: Dose adjustment required.

• Liver disease: Use cautiously.

• Pregnancy/Breastfeeding: Use only if prescribed.

• Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids to prevent kidney stone formation.

• Do not start during an active gout flare; wait until symptoms subside.

Drug Interactions

Avoid or use with caution when combined with:

• Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine – increased toxicity

• Diuretics (thiazides) – may increase hypersensitivity risk

• Ampicillin/amoxicillin – increased chance of skin rash

• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) – monitor INR

Storage Instructions

• Store below 25°C, in a dry place away from direct sunlight

• Keep out of reach of children

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Can Allopurinol cure gout?

No, it doesn’t cure gout but helps prevent future attacks by reducing uric acid levels.

2. Can I take Allopurinol during a gout attack?

It should not be started during an acute attack, but if you are already taking it, do not stop it suddenly during a flare.

3. How long does it take for Allopurinol to work?

It may take 2–3 weeks or longer to reduce uric acid levels effectively. Regular blood tests are needed.

4. Can Allopurinol be used in children?

Yes, in certain cases like Lesch-Nyhan syndrome or cancer-related uric acid buildup, under medical supervision.

Conclusion

Allopurinol 100 mg, including brands like ALLOPURIC 100, is a well-established medication for managing chronic gout, hyperuricemia, and uric acid kidney stones. It is essential to use this medication as prescribed, along with lifestyle changes such as hydration and dietary control. While effective, it can cause serious side effects in rare cases—so regular monitoring and medical guidance are crucial.